Argentina En Crisis: Una Línea De Tiempo De 1955 A 1976

Hey guys, let's dive into a whirlwind tour of Argentina's history, specifically from 1955 to 1976. This period, packed with political turmoil, military coups, and social upheaval, shaped the nation we know today. We're going to break down the key events and understand the context behind them. Buckle up, because it's going to be a wild ride!

El Derrocamiento de Perón y el Comienzo de la Inestabilidad (1955-1958)

Alright, so imagine Argentina in the mid-1950s. The Peronist era, a time of significant social and economic changes, had come to an abrupt end. The Revolución Libertadora, a military coup, ousted President Juan Domingo Perón in September 1955. This marked the beginning of a prolonged period of instability and political polarization. Perón's removal didn't just happen overnight; it was the culmination of rising tensions between different segments of society. On one side, you had the Peronists, who enjoyed considerable support from the working class and had benefited from social programs. On the other side were anti-Peronists, including the military, the upper classes, and the Catholic Church, who viewed Perón as an authoritarian figure. This clash of ideologies and interests created a volatile environment.

The immediate aftermath of the coup saw the military junta banning Peronism and removing Perón's supporters from positions of power. They also began to dismantle many of the social and economic policies implemented during Perón's rule. This move, however, didn't wipe out Peronism; it just pushed it underground. Many of his followers remained loyal and continued to hope for his return. This created a fractured political landscape, where the government struggled to find legitimacy. This era was characterized by short-lived governments, frequent military intervention, and a general lack of political consensus. The economy was also struggling, as the country faced inflation, economic mismanagement, and social unrest. This meant living conditions were tough, making it hard for everyone, and it was the start of several internal problems.

In 1957, there was an election for a constituent assembly. But the Peronists, even though they were banned, still had a considerable influence and chose to vote blank. This election highlighted the deep divisions in the country and the difficulties in forming a stable government. The military, wanting to stabilize the situation, eventually allowed for elections in 1958. Arturo Frondizi, representing the UCRI (Unión Cívica Radical Intransigente), won the election with Peronist support. This showed how the Peronist movement still had sway, even after being banned and forced out.

Key Events Breakdown:

• September 1955: Revolución Libertadora overthrows Juan Domingo Perón.
• 1955-1958: Military rule and political instability.
• 1957: Elections for a Constituent Assembly; Peronists vote blank.
• 1958: Arturo Frondizi elected president with Peronist support.

El Gobierno de Frondizi y el Regreso de Perón (1958-1962)

Alright, so Frondizi's presidency (1958-1962) was a tricky one. He came into power with the support of the Peronists, but he quickly found himself caught between the need to appease the military and the desire to implement his own policies. He tried to balance the competing interests. Frondizi's economic policies leaned towards attracting foreign investment and promoting industrial development. However, these policies often clashed with the interests of the working class and the Peronist movement, who were suspicious of foreign influence.

During his time in office, Frondizi took some moves that angered the military, like allowing Peronist parties to participate in elections. The military, which had a strong influence in politics, kept a close eye on him and wasn't afraid to intervene if they felt their interests were threatened. In the face of increasing political tensions and economic challenges, Frondizi struggled to maintain stability. He faced strikes, protests, and constant pressure from various sectors of society. His dependence on the Peronist vote, which was crucial to his election, eventually became a liability. The military was always ready to pounce at any hint of Peronist resurgence.

As the political situation worsened, the military grew more and more impatient with Frondizi. In March 1962, they finally had enough. The military overthrew Frondizi, arresting him and effectively ending his presidency. This marked the end of another short-lived attempt at civilian rule and signaled a return to military dominance in Argentine politics. The period from 1955 to 1962 shows how unstable the situation was. Political instability and military interventions became common.

Key Events Breakdown:

• 1958-1962: Arturo Frondizi's presidency.
• Economic policies: Focus on foreign investment and industrial development.
• March 1962: Frondizi is overthrown by the military.

El Interludio Político y el Retorno de Perón (1962-1973)

After Frondizi's ousting in 1962, the situation didn't get better; instead, it got worse. This period was marked by short-lived governments, military interventions, and a growing sense of frustration among the population. The military, having removed Frondizi, struggled to find a way to govern effectively. They experimented with different forms of civilian rule, but none of them could provide stability. The political landscape was highly fragmented. The Peronists, though banned, remained a powerful force, and various factions within the military and the political parties were constantly at odds. The economic situation was also dire. Argentina faced inflation, rising unemployment, and a general lack of economic growth. This made things difficult for everyone, making it harder for the government to find support.

In 1966, a new military coup led by General Juan Carlos Onganía took power. Onganía's government was more authoritarian than previous ones. It aimed to reshape Argentine society. It did this by suppressing political activity, censoring the media, and cracking down on social movements. The Onganía regime, often referred to as the